Public sphere in China and japan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public sphere in China and japan - Term Paper Example ct for social investigation, but rather a subject for historical report due to their deep cultural heritage and political traditions carefully preserved by them. However, such preservation can’t be considered to be always positive, because it delays the modernization and development. According to Briggs & Burke, (2005),   â€Å"in China and Japan alike, print was controlled more closely by the state than in Europe,  delaying the development of a public sphere for centuries† (pp. 85-6). The given paper will discuss this statement and prove that the governmental control of media really delays the development of public sphere. Such supervision also does not allow to introduce democratic principles. It will also be discussed how new kinds of media can influence the public sphere in China and Japan. It is possible to assume that media play the most important role in the development of public sphere. They are not simply an impartial partaker or an emotional reporter. On the contrary, they represent an evaluator of the situation or a modernizer of the present social balance. According to Habermas (2001), â€Å"By ‘the public sphere’ we mean first of all a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed. Access is guaranteed to all citizens.† p. 102 The disagreement or group effort of the media with strength that tries to take over the public area turns up in this environment. The connection between the country and the media, either as counteractive or as harmonizing, is affected by the character of government’s interference (Rheingold, 1993). This interference has a long history. The attempts to permeate the public area have been constantly suppressed by the government that in many countries delayed the development of the public sphere and the creation of democratic society. The function of media in building the democratic society is explained by Curran (1991): According to classical liberal theory, the public sphere (or, in

The Labor Force in Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Labor Force in Dubai - Essay Example The increase will help somewhat, but with rising prices in Dubai, it may not cover medical needs by May when it goes into effect. His mother has cataracts and also needs knee surgery. His grandmother has a large tumor in her stomach and needs immediate surgery. He is recuperating from a hernia operation.   In the spring of last year, construction workers in Dubai protested low salaries and mistreatment by stopping work after publication of a US-based Human Rights Watch (HRW) report that called treatment of underpaid private workers from India, Pakistan, China, and other Asian countries as â€Å"less than human† (Jones, para. 7). The incident erupted with extensive damage done to the Emaar Properties’ Burj Dubai tower, expected to be the world’s tallest building when completed in 2008. Damages were estimated at more than Dh3 million. With lack of social support for expatriate workers, according to Jones, HRW has urged the government to help fund and create indep endent bodies to improve conditions. The labor minister said that a new labor law and other measures were already improving conditions for immigrant workers. According to Jones, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) recommends immediate application of the law to insure that any restrictions on the fundamental rights of workers in the Emirate are removed. How has employer or government attempted to address problem?The increase in minimum wage applies only to government workers, and construction workers do not receive overtime pay.... ording to Jones, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) recommends immediate application of the law to insure that any restrictions on the fundamental rights of workers in the Emirate are removed. 2) How has employer or government attempted to address problem The increase in minimum wage applies only to government workers, and construction workers do not receive overtime pay. Although the problem under discussion in this essay is related to low income, the inability of such workers to meet basic needs leads to inadequate housing, health care expenses, and lack of education, keeping workers at a poverty level. The economy in the United Arab Emirate (UAE) shows rising inflation in the future (Ministry of Economy), according to a recent Economic Bulletin published by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI). The cost of living for the expatriate labor force has risen significantly, which reduces the appeal of the UAE as a lucrative labor market. Close monitoring of economic performance by the UAE government as well as continuing upgrade of local laws and regulations are expected to offset serious damages in any of the sectors. However, to compete as a major manufacturing center, the DCCI report calls for "an adequate infrastructure , high human capital base with innovative attitudes, legal and physical access to markets, and a favorable exchange-rate regime" (Ministry of Labour, para. 7). At present, only the infrastructure appears to be in place with the other factors lacking. One important issue in the development of a stable work force is education. Although an effort is being made to build up the education system, results will not be immediate. The Ministry of Labour of the UAE declared the following minimum monthly salaries for